Fig. 5 - Left panel: time pattern of ICP (lower plot) computed with the model in response to an induced decrease of carbon dioxide arterial pressure (PaCO₂) (upper plot) from 40 mmHg (normocapnic value) to 20 mmHg (hypocapnic value) Pathological conditions were reproduced simulating a reduction of CSF outflow (Ro = 3·Ro₀ = 1.58 · 103 mmHg·s·ml^-1)  and a progressive increase in intracranial elastance coefficient (solid line: K_E = K_E0 = 0.11 ml^-1; large-dashed line: K_E = 1.3·K_E0 = 0.143 ml^-1; tight-dashed line: K_E = 2·K_E0 = 0.22 ml^-1: these values are the same assumed in Fig. 1).
Right panel: time pattern of ICP (upper plot) in response to a variation of carbon dioxide arterial pressure (upper plot) from 40 mmHg (normocapnic value) to 60 mmHg (hypercapnic value). Also in this case we assigned a relative high value to CSF outflow resistance (Ro = 5·Ro₀ = 2.63 · 103 mmHg·s·ml^-1) and three different values for the parameter K_E, equal to those used during the simulation of hypocapnia.