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LAW Weekly Roundup 6-11 April 2001 Another week of Israeli military attacks on Palestinian civilians Eight killed; thirty houses destroyed and hundreds made homeless Introduction Sharon’s government intensified its attacks on Palestinians and Palestinian targets still further during the past week. There has been racial incitement from the spiritual leader of the Ultra-Orthodox Shas party, Rabbi Ovadia Yosef, to “annihilate” Palestinians; Israeli prime minister Ariel Sharon threatened to increase military operations against Palestinians, and Uzi Lindaou, the Israeli foreign secretary, called for “shelling Palestinians night and day.” At the same time, there has been a serious escalation in the aggression of the Israeli army against the Palestinian people. Several Palestinian security installations and residential areas have received direct hits from Israeli anti-tank missiles fired from army outposts around Palestinian towns and refugee camps. It was reported that Sharon himself commanded one of the operations, during which anti-tank missiles were fired at Palestinian targets killing a navy medic. On April 11, Israeli armed forces shelled Al Gharbi refugee camp in Khan Yunis and invaded the area with bulldozers. Two Palestinians were killed and 37 were injured during the attack, which also completely destroyed thirty Palestinian houses. First: Violating the right to life and security of person 1. Deaths · 26 year-old Iyad Hardan from Araba, Jenin, assassinated. · 45 year-old Tayseer Al Amuri from Beitunya, killed during Israeli army shelling of the town. · 28 year-old Ahmad Khwaiter from Gaza, a navy medic killed in the Israeli shelling of Khan Yunis. · 25 year-old Hani Abu Rizik from Khan Yunis, killed in the Israeli shelling of Khan Yunis · 50 year-old Ilias Sam’an from Khan Yunis, a captain in the security services, also killed in the shelling of Khan Yunis · 19 year-old Mu’taz Subuh from Burkeen in Jenin, was killed away from confrontations · 16 year-old Ahmad Al Asar from Al Nsirat refugee camp in Gaza, killed during a peaceful demonstration · 15 year-old Mahmoud Barakat from Al Shati refugee camp in Gaza, killed during a peaceful demonstration On April 5, Israeli soldiers in Netzarim, in the Gaza Strip, opened fire on a group of Palestinian school children protesting at Israel’s human rights violations in the Palestinian territories. Ahmad Al Asar was shot in the heart and died instantly. LAW’s information stated that Israeli soldiers shot the child from a distance of only 100 meters. On the same day, Israeli soldiers assassinated Iyad Al Hardan, a political activist from Jenin. According to LAW’s documentation, Iyad was in a public telephone box when a boob-trap bomb was detonated, killing him instantly. Al Hardan had been detained by the Palestinian security services on 3 November 1998, and was being held at Jnaid prison in Nablus. Before his assassination, he was taken into custody in the military prison in Jenin, with permission to attend Al Quds Open University from nine in the mornings to three in the afternoons. After the incident, Israeli official sources announced, “Al Hardan was top of the Israeli security services’ ‘wanted’ list for being in charge of the military operations of the Islamic Jihad in the West Bank.” On April 8, Israeli shelling of Beitunya killed Tayseer Al Amuri, who was shot several times in the head and the left leg. Tayseer had previously been held in custody and tortured at the hands of Israeli interrogators. He suffered severe psychological problems as a result of the torture. According to LAW’s documentation, Israeli forces in Ofer, southwest of Beitunya, shelled a Beitunya Force 17 outpost on April 8. Al Amuri ran for his life and disappeared. His body was later found in the shelled area. On April 10, Israeli forces stationed east of Beit Lahia fired two anti-tank missiles at Palestinian navy and intelligence service headquarters in Deir Al Balah and Beit Lahia in the Gaza Strip. 28 year-old Dr Wa’il Khwaiter, a lieutenant from Al Zaitoun in Gaza working for the naval medical services, was killed after being hit in the chest and abdomen by shrapnel from the shelling. During the attack, another doctor, 50 year-old Ghassan Anabtawi, suffered head injuries also from shrapnel, and his 10 year-old daughter Ubaida was also wounded and passed out. On the same day, Mu’taz Subuh died of wounds inflicted on April 5. LAW’s information revealed that Israeli soldiers stationed on the bypass road near Jenin opened fire on a car carrying three Palestinians, including Subuh, and traveling through the eastern part of the city. Subuh was shot in the head and then taken to the Women’s Union Hospital in Nablus in a critical condition. 58 year-old Khalid Mansoor, another passenger in the car, was shot in the neck and 24 year-old Anwar Abu Hasan, also a passenger, was badly bruised when he fell while trying to escape the Israeli fire. The three Palestinians were from Burkeen. On April 11, Israeli forces shelled Al Gharbi refugee camp in Khan Yunis, killing two more Palestinians. According to LAW’s documentation, Israeli forces broke into the camp in the night of April 10 with three bulldozers, which they wanted to use to demolish houses in areas under Palestinian control near Al Tufah checkpoint. Palestinian people and national security forces resisted the aggression, but Hani Abu Rizik and Ilias Sam’an were killed in the incident. On April 11, 15 year-old Mahmoud Barakat died in Al Shifa Hospital in Gaza of wounds inflicted on April 6. 2. Injuries On April 5, 22 year-old Ahmad Al Nayrab from Beit Lahia was wounded when Israeli soldiers opened fire on a vehicle carrying top Palestinian officials returning from security talks with Israelis in the US ambassador’s Tel Aviv home. Al Nayrab is one of Mohammad Dahlan’s bodyguards (Dahlan is the head of the preventive security services in Gaza). LAW documented the following: on April 5, and around one o’clock in the morning, three top Palestinian security officials including Lieutenant Abdul Razik Al Majayda, Colonel Ameen Al Hindi and Captain Mohammad Dahlan, arrived in an American embassy vehicle at Erez crossing. When they switched to Palestinian vehicles, Israeli soldiers opened fire; Dahlan’s car was shot at four times and the other vehicles were shot at least sixty times. On April 5, Israeli soldiers stationed near Al Khaduri College wounded the following Palestinians: 1. Guevara Jaber (12). Hit in the chest by a rubber-coated steel bullet 2. Majdi Abu Safaka (12). Hit by a rubber-coated steel bullet in the left leg 3. Ahmad Al Zaghal (13). Hit in the face by a rubber-coated steel bullet 4. Mu’taz Shakeeb (15). Hit in the chest by a rubber coated steel bullet At Erez, Israeli soldiers used live ammunition and wounded: 1. Rami Al Za’aneen (16) in the right leg 2. Mahmoud Abu Jarad (17) in the left leg 3. Bilal Abu Sita (15) in the left leg 4. Bilal Basyuni (15) in the leg; consequently the leg was amputated 5. Khalid Zuhd (16) in the left leg At Netzarim, Israeli soldiers injured the following with live bullets: 1. Mohammad Hamdan (16) in the right thigh 2. Shadi Al Atawni (20) in the left hand 3. Mahmoud Zakut (17) in the head 4. Mohammad Sayah (18) in the abdomen 5. Fadi Abu Hamda (16) hit by a rubber coated steel bullet in the left eye 6. Mohammad Irmana (17) in the left leg At Karni, Israeli soldiers used rubber coated steel bullets to injure: 1. Ahmad Halas (13) in the mouth 2. Hatim Al Wadyi (14) in the left leg 3. Adham Khawazeek (12) in the left leg 4. Mahmoud Abu Silmiyi (15) in the head On Thursday, April 5 at 10:00 pm, Israeli forces in Netzarim attempted to trespass areas under PNA control in Sheikh Ijlain, south of Gaza city. Palestinian Force 17 agents confronted them, and Lieutenant Ali Al Ja’idi (43) was shot in the head in the incident. He is in a very critical state. On April 6, clashes occurred between Palestinian demonstrators and Israeli soldiers near Rachel’s Tomb in Bethlehem. The following were injured: 1. Ja’far Abiyat (11) teargas inhalation 2. Mahmoud Ramadan (16) hit by a rubber coated steel bullet in the right leg 3. Ahmad Hamada (23) shot in the arm and the back At Karni crossing on 6 April, Israeli forces used live bullets and wounded: 1. Mahmoud Barakat (16) shot in the head. He died on April 11 2. Rafat Shihada (23) in the left leg 3. Nidal Al Saikali (14) in the right leg 4. Ahmad Al Fayumi (17) in the right leg 5. Basheer Al Ghula (17) in the left arm 6. Nidal Shihada (16) in the abdomen 7. Samih Al Sarseek (17) in the abdomen 8. Musa Hamdiya (15) in the right hand 9. Naji Mikdar (23) in the head (rubber coated steel bullet) 10. Raed Awees (17) in the buttocks 11. Husam Al Maidana (16) in the right leg On April 6, Israeli forces in Kfad Daroom settlement in the Gaza Strip shot and wounded 70 year-old Haleema Al Diri from Deir Al Balah in the right shoulder. 26 year-old Usama Al Kanu’a, a farmer from Jabalia, was shot while working on his land. On Saturday April 7, an Israeli soldier shot at houses in Khan Yunis, wounding Ibrahim Oweli (21) in the chest. In the afternoon, Israeli soldiers at Netzarim shot Mohammad Sakyan (15) with a rubber coated steel bullet and Basheer Abu Kameel (7) with a live bullet in the left hand. On April 8, clashes broke out between Palestinian demonstrators and Israeli soldiers in Al Khader, Bethlehem. While chasing demonstrators, Israeli soldiers shot and wounded Nawal Ghnaim (38) and her two children Amani Ghnaim (9 months) and Mahmoud Ghnaim (10). The Palestinian mother and her two children were on their way to see a doctor in the town. Amani was critically wounded by a rubber coated steel bullet in the head and is currently receiving treatment at Al Makasid Hospital. Mahmoud was hit in the left hand by a rubber-coated steel bullet. On April 9, Zaki Al Masri (18) was shot in the testicles during clashes in Netzarim. 14 year-old Haniya Al Nmaili from Al Braij refugee camp was wounded in an explosion of a suspicious object. The information LAW received stated that the Palestinian girl hit an object while sitting on a rock close to her home. The object exploded, severing the girl’s right foot and wounding her left foot. On April 10, 16 year-old Isam Al Shamali was wounded in the left hand in the Karni crossing clashes. Second: Bulldozing, demolition and shelling At around 12pm on Thursday 5 April 2001, Israeli bulldozers bulldozed around 100 dunums of agricultural lands of citrus in Al Sheikh Ajleen area south Gaza, in addition to bulldozing many houses and buildings: 1. The 250m² 2 - floor house of Muhammad Abu Karsh. 2. The 120m² house of Freij Al Kheiri. 3. The wall of the 200m² house of Muhammad Darweesh. 4. A Force 17 headquarters, 700m north of Netzarim settlement. 5. A 17-Force post. On April 5, Israeli shelling of Rafah wounded: 1. Mohammad Al Ghwaiti (20) in the right foot 2. Rami Abu Jazar (22) in the right arm 3. Mohammad Al Awiti (21) in the head 4. Ayman Tabas (30) in the head and smashed the windows of Mohammad Zanoon’s car. Israeli shelling of Beit Hanoon on Thursday hit ten Palestinian houses, destroying walls and sewage networks. The houses belonged to: 1. Awni Kasim. The shelling damaged one floor, area 280 square meters 2. Mohammad Idwan. The shelling damaged one floor, area 120 square meters 3. Abu Al Iz Kasim. The shelling damaged two floors, area 240 square meters 4. Yousef Kasim. The shelling damaged two floors, area 200 square meters 5. Abdul Baqi Kasim. The shelling damaged three floors, area 150 square meters 6. Abdul Hadi Kasim. The shelling damaged four floors, area 150 square meters 7. Jamal Kasim. The shelling damaged three floors, area 220 square meters 8. Hatim Kasim. The shelling damaged a floor, area 70 square meters 9. Ahmad Athamni. The shelling damaged four floors, area 1,200 square meters 10. Ashraf Idwan. The shelling damaged four floors, area of 180 square meters On Thursday, April 5, Israeli forces stationed at Netzarim used anti-tank missiles and automatic guns to shell a Force 17 outpost in Al Sheikh Ijlain. The shelling also destroyed Al Ja’al gas station. On the same day, Israeli forces shelled the police station and the intelligence services headquarters in the north Gaza district. The shelling wounded 1. Police officer Mohammad Al Kahlut (32) 2. Police officer Mohammad Ali (25) 3. Police officer Shawki Na’eem (47) 4. Mohammad Zakut (30) On April 6, Israeli forces shelled Al Aza refugee camp in Bethlehem. 25 year-old Lubna Al Isa was wounded in the back by shrapnel. On April 7, Israeli forces in Ofer shelled Beitunya and Ramallah, destroying the ground floor of the Sanduka building. Omar Al Ali’s house was also hit in the shelling. Deir Al Balah was also shelled on the same day. 50 year-old Ayid Al Hayawi and his 5 year-old daughter were wounded in the attack, and 56 year-old firefighter Abed Rabu Sbitan was also wounded while trying to extinguish the fire started by the shelling of Radi Abu Brais’ house. The shelling caused damage to the houses of the following Palestinians: 1. Radi Abu Brais. The shelling opened holes in the walls and the roof as well as burning one of the rooms 2. Subhi Tafish. The shelling opened holes in the walls and the roof 3. Khalid Abu Dahruj. The shelling destroyed the furniture On Sunday and Monday April 8 and 9, Israeli forces shelled Khan Yunis, damaging the homes of the following Palestinians: 1. Salem Abu Obeida, damaging the walls 2. Radi Abu Zarka, damaging a water tank and the light connection 3. Mohammad Zayid, destroying a water tank 4. Ayman Abu Obeida, destroying a water tank 5. Khalid Abu Looz, destroying a water tank 6. Ameen Abu Obeida, damaging the walls 7. Suleiman Abu Mkhaimer, damaging the walls The Israeli shelling of Al Braij and Deir Al Balah on Sunday, April 8, damaged Mustafa Abu Garaba’s house. Two land-land missiles fired by Israeli forces at the police station in Beit Lahia on Sunday destroyed the building and wounded: 1. Zeina Za’rab (60) hit by shrapnel in various parts of his body 2. Mahmoud Sultan (10) hit by shrapnel in the head 3. Khamees Sultan (31) bruised and passed out 4. Fatma Sultan (35) bruised and passed out 5. Sabir Za’rab (25) hit by shrapnel in the right hand On April 9, Israeli forces shelled Silat Al Thahir in Jenin using automatic firearms. Yousef Hantuli’s house and car were damaged; eight people lived in that house. Al Khader was shelled on the same day. 12 year-old Khader Isa was hit in the chest by shrapnel during the shelling. On April 8, Israeli forces shelled Beitunya and the Force 17 outpost. The shelling went on until midnight and damaged the following Palestinians’ houses: 1. Mohammad Hraish, destroying doors and windows 2. Ismail Kasim, destroying walls, windows and roof 3. Force 17 headquarter in the Hashi Hamdan building, destroying some walls and windows as well as furniture On April 9, Israeli forces renewed their shelling of Beitunya. The Israeli fire hit residential areas and schools in the Palestinian town. People were extremely frightened, especially schoolchildren, who scattered in terror as the Israeli bullets hit their schools. Five students passed out during the shelling: 1. 14 year-old 8th grader Aya Jaber. 2. 14 year-old 8th grader Safa’ Ali. 3. 15 year-old 9th grader Nahla Salhiyeh. 4. 16 year-old 10th grader Samaher Samih. 5. 13 year-old 7th grader Hala Ata. This violent shelling led to severe panic and anxiety, as well as leaving dozens of Palestinian children and infants in the nursery and kindergarten in a state of inconsolable shock. The nurseries attacked were: · The Children World Nursery and Kindergarten (35 children aged between 3 months – 5 years). The kindergarten is located only10 meters from the Israeli military posts. · The Morning Dew Nursery and Kindergarten (40 children aged between 3 months – 5 years). The kindergarten is located 200meters from the Israeli military posts. Children as well as supervisors from the Morning Dew Nursery were trapped inside the nursery under shelling until 3:30pm that day, while Israeli soldiers targeted all paramedics and civilians who tried to reach the nursery to help evacuate the children, infants and supervisors. The parents and the Palestinian Red Crescent Society made frantic telephone calls to the Red Cross, requesting it to intervene in putting an end to the shelling and help rescue the children locked inside the building. After great effort, the Red Crescent and Cross paramedics succeeded in evacuating the children and handing them over their parents who were waiting opposite the building. In addition, the house of Ata Abdil Halim was badly damaged and its windows, walls and service networks destroyed. At around 9:30am on Tuesday 10 April 2001, Israeli Forces fired missiles at two Palestinian National Security Forces headquarters. The first contained many Military Intelligence Apparatus buildings in Deir Al Balah, and the second belongs to the Navy Police Forces in Beit Lahia. In addition, Israeli forces stationed at the armistice line aimed a missile into the middle of Deir Al Balah, 2 kms from the Military Intelligence apparatus headquarters. As a result, the missile hit and caused great damage to one of the buildings and variously injured 10 members of the NSF: · Abdallah Eid, 24, from Deir Al Balah, hit by shrapnel in the upper right thigh. · Imad Al Zrei’I, 28, from Deir Al Balah, burned in the head and hands; shrapnel wounds in the head. · Hani Abu Hani, 36, from Al Nasser quarter in Gaza, hit by shrapnel in the hands and feet. · Taher Ayyash, 25, from Deir Al Balah, shrapnel in the head and right thigh. · Nabil Al Ranteesi, 35, from Deir Al Balah, burned in the face and hands. · Isam Al Muqeed, 34, from Al Sheikh Radwan quarter in Gaza, shrapnel in the left hand and leg. · Wisam Sabbah, 22, from Al Maghazi refugee camp, shrapnel in various parts of the body. · Abdullah Al Basheeti, 39, from Al Maghazi refugee camp, shrapnel in the left foot. · Basem Sa’eed, 27, from al Maghazi refugee camp, shrapnel in the right leg. · Khaled Shhadeh, 30, from Gaza, shrapnel in various parts of the body. At around 11:20pm on Tuesday 10 April 2001, Israeli Forces reinforced by 10 tanks and three Israeli military bulldozers have broken into the western area in Khan Younis, in which 30 houses were demolished under heavy artillery shelling of residential areas. Therefore, such an Israeli crime that continued till Wednesday dawn 11 April 2001, led to the injury of 37 citizens; including 4 PRCS paramedics and military medical services, while doing their duty in evacuating and first-aiding the injured: 1. Na’eem Abu Amer, 26, shrapnel in the left leg. 2. Awwad Hadayed, 27, bruises in the right hand. 3. Muhammad Al Qadi, 22, bruises in the right an ankle. 4. Haitham Abu M’eleeq, 29, hit by bruises. In addition, as journalists climbed one of the buildings to cover the Israeli attack on the western camp in Khan Younis, Israeli soldiers fired at them and injured two; cameraman Shams Odeh (shrapnel in the right leg) and his assistant Mohammad Shana’a (critically injured by shrapnel in various parts of the body). Amongst Palestinian civilian and military injured, gunshots and shrapnel hit 22: · Saber Abu ‘Ibeid, 34, bullet wound in the abdomen and right shoulder. · Subhi Abu Namous, 30, bullet wound in the right eye, which had later to be removed. · Ayesh Al Mijdalawi, 30, a military liaison captain, bullet wound in the left jaw, receiving treatment in Al Shifa’ hospital in Gaza. · Muhammad Abu Ta’miyeh, 18, bullet wound in the right foot. · Ramzi Al Jakhbeer, 25, bullet wound in the right ear. · Musa Awwad, 30, shrapnel in the right hand. · Naser Musa, 27, shrapnel in the face. · Zaki Abu Madi, 37, shrapnel in the right side of the body. · Khaled Abu Ubayda, 30, shrapnel in the right hand. · Ziyad Amer, 27, shrapnel in the right side of the body. · Abdil Kareem Al Farra, 21, shrapnel in the left hand. · Muhammad Shana’a, 20, shrapnel in the right hand. · Ahmad Barakat, 23, shrapnel in the head. · Ibrahim Amer, 34, shrapnel in the foot and pelvis. · Ali Salameh, 30, shrapnel in the right leg. · Khaled Abu Namous, 31, shrapnel in the left foot. · Atiyeh Abu Namous, 26, shrapnel in the hands and head. · Nahla Abu Awad, 19, shrapnel in the nose. · Sa’dee Miqdad, 20, shrapnel in the feet. · Mu’een Zayed, 21, shrapnel near the right eye. · Ahmad Mahdi, 19, shrapnel in the right hand. During demolition, bulldozing and explosions by the Israeli forces, 30 houses were totally destroyed, including the furniture and possessions of the families, and 363 citizens (including many children) made homeless: · The 190m² house of Salem Abu Ubayda, lived in by 4 families- 15 members. · The 320m² house of Khalil Abu Zurqa, lived in by 2 families- 14 members. · The 250m² house of Hasan Abu Ubayda, lived in by a family of 7 members, in addition to the demolition of a rented store on the first floor. · The 200m² house of Ameen Abu Ubayda, lived in by a family of 8 members. · The 300m² house of Safiyeh Abu Ubayda, lived in by a family of 14 members. · The 240m² house of Sliman Abu Musa, lived in by a family of 14 members. · The 250m² house of Hamoud Abu Radwan, lived in by 4 families – 31 members. · The 300m² house of Jaber Abu Radwan, lived in by 5 families- 30 members. · The 300m² house of Ahmad Abu Radwan, lived in by 5 families- 30 members. · The 100m² house of Musa Abu Loz, one family member. · The 160m² house of Hsein Abu Khreis, lived in by 2 families- 20 members. · The 350m² house of Jihad and Ziyad Abu Khreis, lived in by 19 family members. · The 160m² house of Kifaya Abu Namous, lived in by 20 family members. · The 100m² house of Shukalata Abu Namous, lived in by 12 family members. · The 220m² and 230m² houses of Jalal Abu Loz, lived in by 10 family members. · The 220m² house of Hajar Abu Loz, lived in by 1 family member. · The 250m² house of Jihad Abu Loz, lived in by 11 family members. · The 180m² house of Jihad Abu Loz, partially destroyed. · The 125m² house of Ibrahim Amer, lived in by 4 family members. · The 135m² house for Khader Amer, lived in by 6 family members. · The 150m² house for Hasan Abu Loz, lived in by 11 family members. · The 100m² house for Amin Al Tabash, lived in by 8 family members. · The 90m² house of Akram and Anwar Abu Ahqeir, 10 family members. · The 90m² house of Abdil Hafeth Abu Shqeir, 2 families- 9 members. · The 200m² house of Ali Abu Shqeir, 10 members. · The 200m² house of Muhammad Muhammad, 10 members. · The uninhabited 250m² house of Subhi Abu Loz. · The 140m² house of Muhammad Abu Awad, 8 members. · The 400m² house of Kamel Abu Iker, 12 members. · The 250m² 5-floor residential building of Abdullah Abu Ubayda, 18 members, partially destroyed. At around 9:15pm on Wednesday 11 April 2001, Israeli soldiers stationed at the military outposts in Hajai settlement and Mount Johar as well as the Abraham Avino settlement center in the middle of Hebron, shelled the city’s Abu Sneineh quarters and Al Haria valley with medium and heavy machinegun fire, causing severe damage to a number of houses. In addition, shelling targeted a PRCS ambulance and injured its three paramedics: 1. Sa’eed Al Khateeb, shrapnel in the foot. 2. Ramzi Al Muhtaseb, shrapnel in the hand. 3. Lu’ay Al Shareef, shrapnel in the hand. Nabil Abu Sneineh was hit by gunshot in the right thigh and his father, Abdullah Abu Sneineh, was hit by shrapnel in the shoulder. Third: Detention and Torture At around 2am on Thursday 5 April 2001, Israeli forces broke into Burqa village, northwest Nablus, and arrested two of its men: · Rolan Daghlas, 23, a Najah University student. · Thabet Hija, 23, one of the navy police forces members. At 4:00pm on Friday 6 April 2001, a group of Israeli Special Forces (‘Musta’ ribeen’) arrested two Palestinian youths after preparing an ambush for them at the border between Areas A and B in Um Al Sharayet, Ramallah. They were: · Husam Al Malhi, 23, an aluminum technician, hit in the head and face until he bled heavily. · Jad Al Malhi, 23, sanitary installations technician. At 7:30pm on Friday 6 April 2001, Israeli forces stationed at the military checkpoint between Ithna village and Hebron arrested two Palestinians from Hebron; Shadi Ghanem, 22, and Muhammad Budee, 23. LAW publications and press releases since 1994 are available on our website at http://www.lawsociety.org LAW - The Palestinian Society for the Protection of Human Rights and the Environment is a non-governmental organisation dedicated to preserving human rights through legal advocacy. LAW is affiliate to the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ), Fédération Internationale des Ligues de Droits de l'Homme (FIDH), World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT) and Member of the Euro- Mediterranean Human Rights Network. |
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