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Joe Frazier January 12, 1944 Beaufort, S.C., U.S. American world heavyweight-boxing champion from Feb. 16, 1970, when he knocked out Jimmy Ellis in five rounds in New York City, until Jan. 22, 1973, when he was beaten by George Foreman at Kingston, Jam. Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Mick Sullivan January 12, 1934 Dewsbury, Yorkshire, Eng.
British rugby player who during his career (1954-64) played in 48 Test or World Cup
matches for Great Britain and in three matches for England. He appeared in three World Cup
games (1954, 1957, and 1960) and toured Australia in 1958 and 1962. In 1958 Sullivan
scored 38 . . . Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Morton Feldman January 12, 1926 -- September 3, 1987 New York City -- Buffalo, N.Y. American composer associated with the New York group of composers led by John Cage. Search Britannica Online | Internet
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P(ieter) W(illem) Botha January 12, 1916 Paul Roux, S.Af. Prime minister (1978-84) and (September 1984-August 1989) first state president of South Africa. Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Rubem Braga January 12, 1913 Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Braz.
Brazilian journalist and author, best-known for his numerous volumes of cr™nicas,
short prose sketches integrating elements of essay and fiction. Search Britannica Online |
Internet
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Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich Kunayev January 12, 1912 -- August 22, 1993 Verny [now Almaty], Kazakhstan -- near Almaty As first secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan (1960-62; 1964-86), was the effective ruler of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic for more than two decades and the highest-ranking Soviet leader of Muslim . . . Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Gabriel A(braham) Almond January 12, 1911 Rock Island, Ill., U.S. U.S. political scientist noted for his comparative studies of political systems and his analysis of political development. Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Sergey Pavlovich Korolyov January 12, 1907 -- January 14, 1966 Zhitomir, Russia -- Moscow Soviet designer of guided missiles, rockets, and spacecraft. Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Igor Vasilyevich Kurchatov January 12, 1903 -- February 7, 1960 Sim, Russia -- Moscow Soviet nuclear physicist who guided the development of his country's first atomic bomb, the world's first practical thermonuclear bomb, and the first atomic electric-power station in the Soviet Union. Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Kurt Jooss January 12, 1901 -- May 22, 1979 Wasseralfingen, Ger. -- Heilbronn, W.Ger. German dancer, teacher, and choreographer whose dance dramas combined Expressionistic modern-dance movements with fundamental ballet technique. Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Paul Hermann Muller January 12, 1899 -- October 12, 1965 Olten, Switz. -- Basel Swiss chemist who received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1948 for discovering the potent toxic effects on insects of DDT--with its chemical derivatives, the most widely used insecticide for more than 20 years and a major factor in increased world food production . . . Search Britannica Online | Internet
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David Wechsler January 12, 1896 -- May 2, 1981 Lespedi, Rom. -- New York City U.S. psychologist and inventor of several widely used intelligence tests for adults and children. Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Bo McMillin January 12, 1895 -- March 31, 1952 Prairie Hill, Texas, U.S. -- Bloomington, Ind. American collegiate and professional football player and coach. Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Georges Carpentier January 12, 1894 -- October 27, 1975 Lens, Fr. -- Paris French boxer who was a world light-heavyweight champion (1920-22) and a European champion at four weight classes. His victories over British opponents--Joe Beckett, "Bombardier" Billy Wells, and Ted "Kid" Lewis--made him a national hero. Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Alfred Rosenberg January 12, 1893 -- October 16, 1946 Reval, Estonia -- NŸrnberg German ideologist of Nazism. Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Hermann Goring January 12, 1893 -- October 15, 1946 Rosenheim, Ger. -- NŸrnberg A leader of the Nazi Party and one of the primary architects of the Nazi police state in Germany. He was condemned to hang as a war criminal by the International Military Tribunal at NŸrnberg in 1946 but took poison and died the . . . Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Jan van Krimpen January 12, 1892 -- October 20, 1958 Gouda, Neth. -- Haarlem Outstanding modern designer of typefaces for books and postage stamps. Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Louis Horst January 12, 1884 -- January 23, 1964 Kansas City, Mo., U.S. -- New York City U.S. pianist, composer, and one of the first persons anywhere to teach choreography as a distinct discipline; known particularly for his long associations as musical director with Denishawn and Martha Graham. Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Max (Forrester) Eastman January 12, 1883 -- March 25, 1969 Canandaigua, N.Y., U.S. -- Bridgetown, Barbados American poet, editor, and leading radical before and after World War I. Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Jakob Jud January 12, 1882 -- June 15, 1952 WŠngi, Switz. -- RŸtli Swiss linguist who used comparative linguistics to reconstruct cultural history. He taught French at the lyceum of ZŸrich from 1906 to 1922 and afterward was professor of Romance languages at the University of ZŸrich. Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Boleslaw Leshmian January 12, 1878 -- November 5, 1937 Warsaw -- Warsaw Lyric poet among the first to adapt Symbolism and Expressionism to Polish verse. Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Ferenc Molnar January 12, 1878 -- April 1, 1952 Budapest -- New York City Hungarian playwright and novelist who is known for his plays about the contemporary salon life of Budapest and for his moving short stories. Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Fevzi Cakmak January 12, 1876 -- April 10, 1950 Constantinople -- Istanbul Turkish marshal and statesman who played a leading role in the establishment of the Turkish Republic. Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Jack London January 12, 1876 -- November 22, 1916 San Francisco, Calif., U.S. -- Glen Ellen, Calif. American novelist and short-story writer whose works deal romantically with elemental struggles for survival. He is one of the most extensively translated of American authors. Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari January 12, 1876 -- January 21, 1948 Venice, Italy -- Venice Italian operatic composer who followed both the comic and the realistic traditions. Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Vivekananda January 12, 1863 -- July 4, 1902 Calcutta -- Calcutta Hindu spiritual leader and reformer who attempted to combine Indian spirituality with Western material progress, maintaining that the two supplemented and complemented one another. His Absolute was man's own higher self; to . . . Search Britannica Online | Internet
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James Mark Baldwin January 12, 1861 -- November 8, 1934 Columbia, S.C., U.S. -- Paris Philosopher and theoretical psychologist who exerted influence on American psychology during its formative period in the 1890s. Concerned with the relation of Darwinian evolution to psychology, he favoured the study of individual differences, stressed the importance of theory . . . Search Britannica Online | Internet
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John Singer Sargent January 12, 1856 -- April 15, 1925 Florence [Italy] -- London, Eng. Italian-born American painter whose elegant portraits created an enduring image of society of the Edwardian age. The wealthy and privileged on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean came to his studio to be immortalized. Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro January 12, 1853 -- August 6, 1925 Lugo, Papal States -- Bologna, Italy Italian mathematician instrumental in the development of the absolute differential calculus (also called the Ricci calculus), now known as tensor analysis. Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Joseph-Jacques-Cesaire Joffre January 12, 1852 -- January 3, 1931 Rivesaltes, Fr. -- Paris Commander in chief (1914-16) of the French armies on the Western Front in World War I, who won fame as "the Victor of the Marne." Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Bernhard ten Brink January 12, 1841 -- January 29, 1892 Amsterdam, Neth. -- Strassburg, Ger. [now Strasbourg, Fr.] Scholar whose research stimulated a revival of British and German study of Geoffrey Chaucer's works. Search Britannica Online | Internet
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(Karl) Eugen Duhring January 12, 1833 -- September 21, 1921 Berlin, Prussia [Germany] -- Nowawes, Ger. Philosopher, political economist, prolific writer, and a leading German adherent of positivism, the philosophical view that positive knowledge is gained through observation of natural phenomena. Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Philip Speakman Webb January 12, 1831 -- April 17, 1915 Oxford -- Worth, Sussex, Eng. Architect and designer especially known for his unconventional country houses, who was a pioneer figure in the English domestic revival movement. Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Brooke Foss Westcott January 12, 1825 -- July 27, 1901 near Birmingham, Warwickshire, Eng. -- Auckland Castle, Durham Anglican bishop of Durham, Eng., and biblical scholar who collaborated with Fenton J.A. Hort on an influential critical edition of the Greek text of the New Testament. Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Francis Henry Underwood January 12, 1825 -- August 7, 1894 Enfield, Mass., U.S. -- Edinburgh American author and lawyer who became a founder of The Atlantic Monthly in order to further the antislavery cause. Search Britannica Online | Internet
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(Jean-Joseph-) Etienne Lenoir January 12, 1822 -- August 4, 1900 Mussy-la-Ville, Belg. -- La Varenne-Saint-Hilaire, Fr. Belgian inventor who devised the first commercially successful internal-combustion engine. Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Ferdinand II January 12, 1810 -- May 22, 1859 Palermo -- Caserta King of the Two Sicilies from 1830. He was the son of the future King Francis I and the Spanish infanta Mar’a Isabel, a member of the branch of the House of Bourbon that had ruled Naples and Sicily from 1734. Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Leopoldo O'Donnell, DUQUE (duke) DE TETUAN January 12, 1809 -- November 6, 1867 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain -- Biarritz, Fr. Spanish soldier-politician who played a prominent role in the successful Spanish military insurrections of 1843 and 1854 and headed the Spanish government three times between 1856 and 1866. Though he lacked a coherent political program, he . . . Search Britannica Online | Internet
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George William Frederick Villiers Clarendon, 4th earl of January 12, 1800 -- June 27, 1870 London -- London British foreign secretary under four prime ministers at various times from 1853, including the Crimean War period; he was known as "the great Lord Clarendon." Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Erik Gustaf Geijer January 12, 1783 -- April 23, 1847 RansŠter, VŠrmland, Swed. -- Stockholm Swedish poet, historian, philosopher, and social and political theorist who was a leading advocate, successively, of the conservative and liberal points of view. Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Mikhail Mikhaylovich Speransky, Graf January 12, 1772 -- February 23, 1839 Cherkutino, Russia -- St. Petersburg Russian statesman prominent during the Napoleonic period, administrative secretary and assistant to Emperor Alexander I. He later compiled the first complete collection of Russian law, Complete Collection of the Laws of . . . Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Pierre-Antoine (-Noel-Mattieu-Bruno) Daru, Comte January 12, 1767 -- September 5, 1829 Montpellier, Fr. -- Meulan French military administrator and organizer during the Napoleonic period. Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz January 12, 1751 -- May 24, 1792 Sesswegen, Livonia, Russia -- Moscow Russian-born German poet and dramatist of the Sturm und Drang (Storm and Stress) period, who is considered an important forerunner of 19th-century Naturalism and of 20th-century Expressionistic theatre. Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi January 12, 1746 -- February 17, 1827 ZŸrich -- Brugg, Switz. Swiss educational reformer, who advocated education of the poor and emphasized teaching methods designed to strengthen the student's own abilities. Pestalozzi's method became widely accepted, and most of his principles have been absorbed into modern elementary education. Search Britannica Online | Internet
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John Hancock January 12, 1737 -- October 8, 1793 Braintree, Mass. -- Quincy, Mass., U.S. American Revolutionary leader and first signer of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Edmund Burke January 12, 1729 -- July 9, 1797 Dublin, Ire. -- Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire, Eng. British statesman, parliamentary orator, and political thinker prominent in public life from 1765 to about 1795 and important in the history of political theory. He championed conservatism in opposition to Jacobinism in . . . Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Lazzaro Spallanzani January 12, 1729 -- 1799 Modena, Duchy of Modena -- Pavia, Cisalpine Republic Italian physiologist who made important contributions to the experimental study of bodily functions and animal reproduction. His investigations into the development of microscopic life in nutrient culture solutions paved the way for the research of Louis . . . Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Edmund Burke January 12, 1729 -- July 9, 1797 Dublin, Ire. -- Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire, Eng. British statesman, parliamentary orator, and political thinker prominent in public life from 1765 to about 1795 and important in the history of political theory. He championed conservatism in opposition to Jacobinism in . . . Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Ferdinand January 12, 1721 -- July 3, 1792 WolfenbŸttel, Brunswick-LŸneburg-WolfenbŸttel [Germany] -- Vechelde, Brunswick Duke of Brunswick-LŸneburg and Prussian general field marshal who defended western Germany for his brother-in-law Frederick II the Great in the Seven Years' War (1756-63), protecting the Prussian flank . . . Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Charles Perrault January 12, 1628 -- May 15, 1703 Paris -- Paris French poet, prose writer, and storyteller, a leading member of the Académie Française, who played a prominent part in a literary controversy known as the "quarrel of the ancients and the moderns." He is best remembered for his collection of fairy stories for children, . . . Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Jan Baptista van Helmont January 12, 1580 -- December 30, 1644 Brussels -- Vilvoorde, Spanish Netherlands [now in Belgium] Belgian chemist, physiologist, and physician who recognized the existence of discrete gases and identified carbon dioxide. Search Britannica Online | Internet
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Charles Emmanuel I January 12, 1562 -- July 26, 1630 Rivoli, Savoy -- Savigliano Duke of Savoy who alternated alliances with France and Spain, taking advantage of the European power struggle in order to further his expansionist policy. A skilled soldier and shrewd politician, he was a . . . Search Britannica Online | Internet
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