THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

The second industrial revolution includes the period from 1850 to 1945, also defined period of the electricity, of the chemistry and the steel. This revolution was characterized by a series of new inventions and productive technologies in all fields, from the chemical, sector up to the metallurgical one:

• Metallurgical sector: in this sector after many attempts, the expert of metallurgy Bessemer conceived a converter able to reduce the carbon impurities a lot making the steel production at low cost possible; this converter was called Bessemer converter.

• Electric sector: we can say that in the electric sector there were the most important invenctions in the history, like the electric light bulb, invented by Thomas Edison, and the first electric locomotive.

• Chemical sector: Also in this sector there were some important discoveries like dyes, fertilizers, celluloid and finally Good-Year invented the "vulcanizzazione" of the rubber.

• Sector of the transport: this was the sector that developed the most, because of the many invenctions like the first locomotive by Stephenson and his son, the passage from sail ship to stearm, the invenction of the bicycle and  its wheel by Dunlop, and finally but always important was the invention of "ciclo otto motors" patented by Eight and that was applied to the first automobiles immediately.

• Sector of the communications: as to this sector, the first new communication system of this period was the telegraph, an apparatus that transmitted electric signals from one end to the other of a thread conductor, another series important discovery was Morses and his language called Morse language,the Meucci invented the telephone that was however commercialized only after one year by the American Bell; besides Marconi invented the radio and the inventions of  the catode tube ray the television and the radar followed. Making the steel production at low cost possible.