INTRODUCTION |
The Apple Computer is a complete
microprocessor system, consisting of a Mos Technology 6502 microprocessor and support
hardware, integral video display electronics, dynamic memory and refresh hardware, and
fully regulated power supplies. It contains resident system monitor software, enabling the
user, via the keyboard and display, to write, examine, debug, and run programs
efficiently; thus being an educational tool for the learning of microprocessor
programming, and an aid in the development of software. The integral video display section and the keyboard interface renders unnecessary the need for an external teletype. The display section contains its own memory, leaving all of RAM for user programs, and the output format is 40 characters/ line, 24 lines/page, with auto scrolling. Almost any ASCII encoded keyboard will interface directly with the Apple system. The board has sockets for upto 8K bytes of the 16 pin, 4K type, RAM, and the system is fully expandable to 65K via the edge connector. The system nses dynamic memory (4K bytes sup- |
plied), although static memory may also
be used. All refreshing of dynamic memory. including all "off- board" expansion
memory, is done automatically. The entire system timing, including the microprocessor
clock and all video signals. originates in a single crystal oscillator. Further, the printed circuit board contains a breadboard area", in which the user can add additional "on-board " hardware (for example, extra PIA's, ACIA's, EROM's, and so on). This manual is divided into three Sections: Section I GETTING THE SYSTEM RUNNING. Please read Section l thoroughly, before attempting to "power-up" your system, and study Section III carefully before attempting to expand your system. In addition to this manual, Apple "Tech Notes" are available which contain examples of expansion hardware and techniques. |
SECTION I |
The Apple Computer is fully assembled,
tested, and burned in. The only external devices necessary for operation of the system
are: An ASCII encoded keyboard, a video display monitor, and AC power sources of 8 to 10
Volts (RMS) @3 amps and 28 Volts (RMS) @l amp. The following three articles describe the
attachment of these devices in detail. Keyboard: |