| WI - Cormorant Research Group | Scientific Literature - Pygmy cormorant | updated on 24-04-2008 |
Scientific literature on the
Pygmy
Cormorant - Phalacrocorax pygmeus
Before 1960 - 1960/1969 - 1970/1979 - 1980 - 1981 - 1982 - 1983 - 1984 - 1985 - 1986 - 1987 - 1988 - 1989 - 1990 - 1991 - 1992 - 1993 - 1994 - 1995 - 1996 - 1997 - 1998 - 1999 - 2000 - 2001 - 2002 - 2003 - 2004 - 2005 - 2006 - 2007 - 2008 - In press / year?
Kazantzidis S. & T. Nazirides (eds.). (in
press). The Pygmy Cormorant (Phalacrocorax pygmaeus) in
Greece in the period 1997-1999. World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF
Greece) – Hellenic Ornithological Society – Society for
the Protection of Prespa. Thessaloniki.
Nemeth E. 2007. Die Zwergscharbe,
Phalacrocorax pygmeus (Pallas) 1773 – ein neuer Brutvogel für
Österreich. Egretta 49: 2-5. [The
Pygmy Cormorant (Phalacrocorax pygmeus) – a new breeding
bird in Austria. Abstract. In 2007 Pygmy
Cormorant (Phalacrocorax pygmeus) bred for the first time in
Austria. Fourteen nests were located in the reedbeds of Lake
Neusiedl in a large heronry dominated by Great White Egret (Ardea
alba), Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea) and Spoonbill (Platalea
leucorodia). At least eight nests were successful and up to five
chicks per nest were found. Observations during the nestling
period showed that adult individuals foraged mainly in the open
water areas of the reed belt of Lake Neusiedl.]
Nemtzov S.C. 2005. Relocation of pygmy cormorants Phalacrocorax pygmeus using scare tactics to reduce conflict with fish farmers in the Bet She'an Valley, Israel. Conservation Evidence, 2: 3-5. [Abstract. To help resolve the conflict between pygmy cormorants Phalacrocorax pygmeus and fish farmers, the birds were scared away from Bet She’an Valley before the breeding season started. The cormorants have subsequently relocated to other, safer breeding sites.]
Szinai, P. 2005. The present status of
Pygmy cormorant Phalacrocorax pygmeus in Hungary.
Cormorant Research Group Bulletin, 6:
Voskamp P., Volponi S. & van Rijn S.
2005. Global population development of the Pygmy Cormorant Phalacrocorax
pygmeus. Overview of available data and proposal to set up a
network of national specialists. Cormorant Study Group Bulletin,
6:
Kúdela M. & Lengyel J. Occurrence of the Pygmy Cormorant (Phalacrocorax
pygmeus) in the Danubian Plain (South-West Slovakia). Acta Zoologica Universitatis Comenianae,
46 (1): 45-50. [Abstract.
The pygmy cormorant (Phalacrocorax pygmeus (Pallas, 1773))
established a hibernation place on the Slovak section of the
Danube River, which is the only known in Slovakia. The first
observation of the pygmy cormorant on this locality was in
December 1994. The species occurs here from the late October to
the end of April. The number of the hibernating birds is not
known, but has increased since 1994 and between 2000 and 2002
flocks of more than 60 individuals were observed. The greatest
recorded number was 88 individuals. The whole hibernation place
is a 28 km long section of the Danube River (partially influenced
by a dam) and the adjacent floodplain and formerly floodplain
area. The species was recorded four times in the Danubian Plain
in SW Slovakia outside the hibernation place: in April 2001,
January, August and October 2002. These are the only known data
on the species from this area besides the historical occurrence
in 1931. Two of the localities where the species was recorded are
oxbows; the third is the branch system of the Danube River; the
fourth is a single side branch of the Danube River.]
Simic D.V. & Tucakov M. 2004. Numbers and local movements of Pygmy
Cormorants Phalacrocorax pygmeus wintering in Belgrade. Acrocephalus, 25 (123): 207-212. [Abstract. There is little
recent information on Pygmy Cormorants Phalacrocorax pygmeus from
Serbia. However, the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers is
known locally as a wintering site of the species. The study area
lies within the city of Belgrade (UTM DQ56), northern Serbia. It
comprises the confluence of the rivers Sava and Danube and the
last 10 kilometers of the Sava river. Point counts were conducted
in 1996, 2001, 2003 and 2004. In both sites in the study area,
Malo Ratno Ostrvo Islet and at the bank of Sava river, birds
roosted in young and relatively low White Willow Salix alba
scrub, up to 6 or 7 metres high, typical of communities of early
stages of succession of alluvial soil bordering rivers or river
islands. The number of individuals wintering in Belgrade probably
fluctuates from year to year, but has obviously increased from
500 birds at the beginning of the 90s, 1080 individuals in
February 1996 to 1200 birds in January 2001. The number of Pygmy
Cormorants observed regularly during winter in our study area
exceeds 1% of the population threshold (400 individuals), and,
together with wintering numbers of other waterbirds, qualifies
the sector from Veliko Ratno Ostrvo to Ada Ciganlija for
nomination as a Ramsar site. Currently, the study area supports
12.5% of the wintering population of Pygmy Cormorants in Serbia
and Montenegro.]
Borgo F., Boschetti E., Panzarin L., Verza
E. & Volponi S. 2003. Il Marangone minore Phalacrocorax
pygmeus nelle aree costiere dell'Adriatico settentrionale.
Avocetta, 124: 133-134.
Nemtzov S.C., 2003. Pygmy Cormorant
Phalacrocorax pygmeus nesting in Israel. Cormorant Research Group
Bulletin, 5: 38-39.
Shmuel M., Arad Z., Katzir G. & Izhaki
I. 2003. Developmental rates and morphometrics of the sympatric
Pygmy cormorant (Phalacrocorax pygmeus) and Great
cormorant (P. carbo sinensis). Israel Journal
of Zoology, 49: 159-173. [Abstract.
We compared growth rates and adult morphological traits
in two sympatric cormorant species,the pygmy cormorant (Phalacrocorax
pygmeus) and the great cormorant (P.carbo sinensis ), in Israel.The
smaller P.pygmeus exhibited higher developmental rates than P.
carbo sinensis, as expressed in the growth rate constant (K)
of body mass and of various body parts (bill,wing, tarsus,
primaries,and tibia lengths).The consequences of the higher
developmental rate of P.pygmeus are early fledging and a
relatively low body mass of fledglings. We suggest that several
proximate ecological and developmental factors such as risk of
nest predation,body temperature regulation,and hydrodynamics act
in concert to promote rapid development in chicks of P.pygmeus.
However,the four-fold lower body mass of the adult P.pygmeus is
probably the most important physiological constraint that might
explain its rapid growth rate in comparison with P .carbo
sinensis. The body mass and the size of various body parts of
adult P .carbo sinensis are much higher than those of
adult P.pygmeus .This difference in adult morphological
attributes, together with the marked differences in growth rates
between the two species, should be reflected in different
ecological functions that promote ecological segregation between
them. Therefore,the conservation policies and future practical
solutions of the cormorant-–fisheries conflict should be
species-specific.]
Capelle C. & De Smet G. 2002. Pygmy
Cormorant in Lys valley, Belgium/France, in Dec 2000 - January
2001. Dutch Birding, 24(1):1-6.
Gantlet S. 2001. Pygmy Cormorants in Europe:
Britain next? Birding World 14 (11): 465-474.
Crivelli A.J., Nazirides G., Catsadorakis G.,
Hulea D., Malakou M., Marinov M. & Shogolev I. 2000. Status
and population development of Pygmy cormorant Phalacrocorax
pygmeus breeding in the Paleartcic. Proceedings of the 5th
Medmaravis Symposium Gozo, Malta. 49-60.
Nemtzov S.C., Sinai Y., Glasner D., Morgan
J., Bojilov K, Ben-Yosef R., Sharon Y., Kaplan D., Har-Zion M.
& Dolev M . 2000. The
pygmy cormorant (Phalacrocorax pygmeus) in the Bet She’an
Valley: Challenges for conservation of an endangered species. Israel
Journal of Zoology, 46: 168-169.
Nikolov H.H., Marin S.M. & Darakchiev A.I.
2000. The Pygmy Cormorant in Bulgaria. Status of the population.
Action plan. Green Balkans Federation of Nature-Conservation NGOs.
160 Shesti Septemviri Blvd. Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria.
Hernandez-Carrasquilla F., T. Tyrberg &
von den Driesch A. 1999. A record of Pygmy Cormorant Microcarbo
pygmaeus from medieval Spain. Ardea 87(2): 285-288.
Kazantzidis S. & Nazirides T. (eds.).
1999. National action plan for the Pygmy
Cormorant (Phalacrocorax pygmaeus). World Wide Fund For Nature - Wwf Greece,
Hellenic Ornithological Society, Society For The Protection of
Prespa. Thessaloniki
Nathan M. 1999. Behavior and ecophysiology
of the pygmy cormorant. In: Dor M. & Heller J. (eds.).
Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Meeting of the Zoological Society
of Israel (University of Haifa, Oranim, 20 December 1998). Israel
Journal of Zoology, 45(2): 317.
Vink A. & Ebels E. B. Dwergaalscholver
in Oostvaardersplassen.[Pygmy cormorant in Oostvaardersplassen.]
Dutch Birding, 21(3): 187-188.
Magnani A., Panzarin L. & Cherubini G.
1998. Nidificazione di Marangone minore, Phalacrocorax pygmeus,
in Lagune di Venezia. Riv. ital. Orn., 68: 108-110.
Vogrin M. 1998. Do Pygmy Cormorants Phalacrocorax
pygmeus breed in Dalmacia (Croatia)? Cormorant Research
Group Bulletin 3: 28-29.
Willems F. J. & de
Vries E .1998. Ecological aspects of Pygmy Cormorants Phalacrocorax
pygmeus at Prespa, Greece, May-August 1996. WIWO-reports published,
Publication number 60. Stichting WIWO. [Ref. 1998-2]
Laurenti, S., & T. Taglioni. 1996.
Pygmy Cormorant, Phalacrocorax pygmaeus, at Ripasottile
Lake, Rieti [Italy]. Uccelli d’Italia, 21(1): 86.
Marinov M. & Hulea D. 1996. [Dynamics
of mixed colonies of cormorants and herons from the Danube Delta
between 1959-1995]. Analele Stiintifice ale Institutului Delta
Dunarii Tulcea 5: 211-226. (in Romanian).
Nazirides T. & Papageorgiou N. 1996.
The breeding biology of the Pygmy Cormorants (Phalacrocorax
pygmeus), a vulnerable bird species, at lake Kerkini, Northern
Greece. Colonial Waterbirds, 19(Special publication 1): 219-223.
Vangeluwe D., Beudels M.-O- & Lamani F.
1996. Conservation status of Albanian coastal wetlands and their
waterbird populations (Pelecaniformes and Ciconiiformes).
Colonial Waterbirds, 19 (Special Publication 1): 81-90.
Volponi S. 1996. Bill deformity in a Pygmy Cormorant (Phalacrocorax
pygmeus) chick.
Colonial Waterbirds, 19:147-148. [download .pdf - 157 KB]
Volponi S. & Emiliani D. 1995. The Pygmy Cormorant breeds again in Italy. Riv. ital. Orn., 65:87-89.
Volponi S. & Emiliani D. 1995. Nuova
nidificazione di Marangone minore Phalacrocorax pygmaeus
in Italia. Avocetta, 19: 46.
Danko S. 1994. Occurence and nesting of
Pigmy cormorant (Phalacrocorax pygmeus) in the Slovak Republic
and in neighbouring countries. Aquila, 101: 53-64.
Nardo A. 1994. Presunta nidificazione di
Marangone minore, Phalacrocorax pigmaeus, nel Veneto - Riv.
ital. Orn., 64: 84-85.
Handrinos G. 1993. Midwinter numbers and
distribution of Great cormorants and Pygmy cormorants in Greece.
In: Aguilar J.S. X. Montbailliu & Pterson A. M. (eds.),
Status and conservation od seabirds. SEO & Medmaravis,
Madrid, pp. 147-159.
Brichetti P. 1992. Marangone minore Phalacrocorax
pygmeus. - In: P. Brichetti, P. De Franceschi & N.
Baccetti (eds.), Fauna d'Italia. XXIX. Aves I. Edizioni
Calderini, Bologna, pp. 120-124.
Buzun V. A. & Grinchenko A. B. 1991. [About
nesting bird of the Oysul lagoon: Phalacrocorax pygmeus,
Casarca ferruginea and Tadorna tadorna in the
Crimea.] In: Koshelev A. I. & Chernichko (eds.), Rare birds
of the Black sea coastal area. Lybid, Kiev, pp. 182-193. (In
Russian).
Kunichenko A.A. 1991. [Distribution and
number of the Pygmy Cormornat in Moldova]. Proc. Of the 10th All-Union
Orn. Conf. (Minsk, Navuka I tekhnika) 2: 3-4 (in Russian).
Straka U. 1990. Beobachtungen an
uberwinternden Zwergscharben (Phalacrocorax pygmaeus Pallas
1773) an der niederosterreichischen Donau im Winter 1989/90. [Observations
on wintering Pygmy cormorants (Phalacrocorax pygmaeus pallas 1773)
at the Danube in lower Austria in the winter 1989/90]. (In German
with English summary). Egretta, 33 (2): 77-85.
Lamani F. 1989. Donnés sur la distribution
et la zoogéographie des pelecaniformes et des Ciconiiformes en
Albanie. Biologia Gallo-Hellenica, 13: 111-118
Nankinov D. 1989. Fruherer und jetziger
Stand der Bestandsentwicklung der Zwergscharbe (Phalacrocorax
pygmaeus) in Bulgarien (Aves, Pelecaniformes:
Phalacrocoracidae). [Previous and actual situation of development
of populations stock of the Pygmy cormorant (Phalacrocorax
pygmaeus) in Bulgaria (Aves, Pelecaniformes:
Phalacrocoracidae)]. Faun. Abh. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden., 17(8): 79-84.
Jerrentrup H., M. Gaetlich, H. A. Joensen,
H. Nohr & Brogger-Jensen S . 1988. Urgent action plan to
safeguard three endangered species in Greece and E.C.: Pygmy
Cormorant (Phalacrocorax pygmeus), Great White Egret (Egretta
alba) and White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla).
Ornis Consult-Natural History Museum Arhus-Hellenic
Ornithological Society. Rep. to the CEC (DG XI). 162 pp.
Dittberner H. 1987. [Behavior of the Pygmy cormorant and the Shag (Phalacrocorax pygmaeus and P. aristotelis)]. Beitraege zur Vogelkunde, 33(5/6): 297-300. (In German).
Benussi E. 1986. Observations on the
presence of Pygmy Cormorant (Phalacrocorax pygmaeus) in Italy. Pp.29-31.
In: Almo Farina (ed.). Proceedings First International Conference
on birds wintering in the Mediterranean region. (Aulla, Italy,
1984). Supplemento Ricerche Biologia Selvaggina, 10: 29-31.
Brichetti P. 1983. Distribuzione geografica
degli uccelli nidificanti in Italia, Corsica e Isole Maltesi -
Natura Bresciana, 19: 97-157.
Straka U. 1990. [Observations on wintering
pygmy cormorants at the Danube in lower Austria in the winter of
1989-90.] Egretta, 33:77-85. (German, English summary).
Cowles S. G. 1981. The first evidence of
Demoiselle Crane Antropoides virgo and Pygmy Cormorant Phalacrocorax
pygmeus in Britain. Bull. British Ornithologists' Club., 101:
383-386.
Fasola M. & Barbieri F. 1981. Prima
nidificazione di Marangone minore Phalacrocorax pigmaeus
in Italia - Avocetta, 5: 155-156.
Mikuska J. & Gojko P. 1980. VRANAC
KALOSER, PHALACROCORAX PYGMAEUS (PALL., 1773), U SPECIJALNOM
ZOOLOSKOM REZERVATU "KOPACKI RIT". [PYGMY CORMORANT,
PHALACROCORAX PYGMAEUS (PALL., 1773) ON THE SPECIAL ZOO
RESERVATION "KOPACKI RIT".] Larus, 31-32: 351-356. (In
Serbo-Croatian with English summary).
Bod P. &László Z. 1979. KIS
KAROKATONA PHALACROCORAX PYGMAEUS A BEFAGYOTT CSAJ-TA-VON. [PYGMY
CORMORANT PHALACROCORAX PYGMAEUS OVER THE FROZEN LAKE CSAJ.]
Tiscia, Suppl. 2. :17-20. (In Hungarian with English summary).
Bondarev D. V. 1975. [On
the nesting of the Pygmy cormorant]. Uchenye Zap Permsk Gos
Pedagog. Inst., pp. 89-92. (In Russian).
Lebret T. 1978.
WAARNEMINGEN VAN DE DWERGAALSCHOLVER /PHALACROCORAX PYGMEUS IN DE
DONAU-DELTA IN DECEMBER. [OBSERVATIONS OF THE PYGMY CORMORANT
PHALACROCORAX PYGMEUS IN THE DANUBE DELTA IN DECEMBER.] Limosa,
51(3-4): 165-166. (In Dutch with English summary).
Lebret T. 1978. [Observations
of the Pygmy cormorant Phalacrocorax pygmeus in the
Danube Delta in December]. Limosa, 51(3-4): 165-166.
Mikuska J. & Majic J.
1971-1972 [1974]. [THE PYGMY CORMORANT Phalacrocorax
pygmeus BREEDING
IN KOPACSER LAKE.] Aquila, 78-79: 181-183. (In Hungarian with
German summary).
Heim de Balsac H. & Mayaud N. 1962. Les
oiseaux du nord-ouest de l'Afrique. Paris
Sapetin Ya. V. 1968. [Notes on banding of the
White pelican and Pygmy cormorant in the Tereka Delta]. Migratsii Zhivotnykh, 5:
113-115. [In Russian.]
Dementiev G. P. &
Gladkov N. A. (eds.). 1951. [Birds of the Soviet Union]. Vol. 1.
Sovetskya nauda, Moskow. (In Russian. Translated in 1966 by the
Israel Program for Scietific Translations, Jerusalem).