pf Site on Tiscali Free Net
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    This is the pf site on Tiscali Free Net...

  Questo è il sito pf su Tiscali Free Net...

    Questa documentazione è la versione rivista della tesi di laurea in Scienze della comunicazione "pf" realizzata e discussa il 13 Luglio 2000 all'università "LUMSA" (Libera Università Maria S.S. Assunta) di Roma presso la facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia e quindi rivisitata. I cambiamenti dalla versione del 13 Luglio 2000 non sono di tipo editoriale. Ci sono, soprattutto, cambiamenti ai risultati... all'età del campione... uso del mezzo elettronico...

  La tesi da cui prende spunto e a cui fà riferimento è stata discussa il 13 Luglio 2000. Da questa data fino al...

  Questa documentazione è...

  L'autrice raccomanda che...

  Questa documentazione è stata prodotta come parte della mia attività. Gli scopi di tale lavoro...

  Una lista completa delle altre documentazioni presenti nel sito e degli argomenti trattati può essere trovata in Annamaria Fiandanese.

  Per una pubblica discussione sulle interazioni tra il "linguaggio giovanile e il linguaggio pubblicitario" scrivere a <pjoef@tiscalinet.it>.

  In caso della presenza di errori od irregolarità presenti in questa documentazione, cortesemente, scrivere a <pjoef@tiscalinet.it>.

  Lo stato del documento dalla sua discussione alla data della sua nuova pubblicazione. Altri documenti possono o potranno supersede questa documentazione. L'ultimo stato di questa documentazione viene mantenuta in http://web.tiscalinet.it/pf/it/pf.

    Lo scopo principale di questo documento, oggetto della mia tesi di laurea in Scienza dell'Informazione,...

  Questa documentazione studia e spiega le interconnessioni che esistono tra il "linguaggio giovanile" e quello della "pubblicità".
  Le future versioni...

    Nuove versioni di questa documentazione verranno periodicamente pubblicate in web.tiscalinet.it/pf/it/pf e, successivamente, anche nei vari mirror e/o siti FTP che archiviano questa stessa documentazione, intera, in parte o collegamenti, quali:
  Lista, al momento, non disponibile!

In addition, you should generally be able to find this document on:
  Lista, al momento, non disponibile!

  Commenti, critiche, informazioni, suggerimenti e quant'altro possa risultare utile e di interesse alla documentazione stessa e ai suoi eventuali sviluppi sono le benvenute. Senza il vostro contributo questa documentazione non sarebbe esistita. Puoi inviare i tuoi commenti, le tue critiche, delle informazioni o i tuoi suggerimenti all'indirizzo di posta elettronica: <pjoef@tiscalinet.it> utilizzando come soggetto della lettera: "pf commenti" oppure vai a compilare il Questionario online sul Linguaggio Giovanile.

    Voglio ringraziare il professor Paolo Martino senza il quale questo studio non sarebbe mai avvenuto...
  Le seguenti persone hanno contribuito alla realizzazione di questa documentazione:

• Annamaria Fiandanese <pjoef@tiscalinet.it>
• Paolo Martino
• Franco Farina
• pf <pjoef@tiscalinet.it>
• Giuseppe Fiandanese
• Serena Fiandanese
• Francesca Fiandanese
• Alessandro Stievano <astievano@tiscalinet.it>
• Manuel
• Siro

  Per la lista completa dei Riferimenti Bibliografici ed Internet vedera la sezione dedicata: Bibliografia, Riferimenti Bibliografici per le fonti bibliografiche su pubblicazioni editoriali (libri, giornali, riviste, ...) Riferimenti Internet per le pubblicazioni elettroniche sul World Wide Web.

    L'utilizzo dei concetti, degli esempi, dei dati, delle statistiche e di tutti gli altri contenuti presenti in questa documentazione sono a solo rischio dell'utilizzatore. Essendo una nuova edizione di questa documentazione e venendo aggiornata frequentemente, possono essere presenti errori e inaccuratezze. Per questi motivi non viene assunta nessuna responsabilità.

  Inoltre tenere presente che questa NON è la versione ufficiale della tesi di laurea "pf" ma si tratta della riedizione e talvolta della rielaborazione della tesi stessa. L'utilizzo delle informazioni contenute in questa documentazione è ad unico e totale rischio del lettore.

  Non sono accettabili nessun pagamaneto od invio di denaro. Nessuna garanzia, utilizzare a proprio riscio.

    Questo studio è suddiviso in quattro parti.

Prima parte: Introduzione e Sommario

Copertina

Informazioni generali

Sommario

Prefazione

Introduzione

Seconda Parte: Teoria e Studio

The bulk of the reference manual consists of the HTML language reference, which defines all elements and attributes of the language.

  This document has been organized by topic rather than by the grammar of HTML. Topics are grouped into three categories: structure, presentation, and interactivity. Although it is not easy to divide HTML constructs perfectly into these three categories, the model reflects the HTML Working Group's experience that separating a document's structure from its presentation produces more effective and maintainable documents.

The language reference consists of the following information:

• What characters may appear in an HTML document.

• Basic data types of an HTML document.

• Elements that govern the structure of an HTML document, including text, lists, tables, links, and included objects, images, and applets.

• Elements that govern the presentation of an HTML document, including style sheets, fonts, colors, rules, and other visual presentation, and frames for multi-windowed presentations.

• Elements that govern interactivity with an HTML document, including forms for user input and scripts for active documents.

• The SGML formal definition of HTML:

• The SGML declaration of HTML.
• Three DTDs: strict, transitional, and frameset.
• The list of character references.

Appendixes

The first appendix contains information about changes from HTML 3.2 to help authors and implementors with the transition to HTML 4.0. The second appendix contains performance and implementation notes, and is primarily intended to help implementors create user agents for HTML 4.0.

References

A list of normative and informative references.

Indexes

Three indexes give readers rapid access to the definition of key concepts, elements and attributes.

  The specification is organized into the following sections:

Section 2: An introduction to CSS2

The introduction includes a brief tutorial on CSS2 and a discussion of design principles behind CSS2.

Sections 3 - 20: CSS2 reference manual.

The bulk of the reference manual consists of the CSS2 language reference. This reference defines what may go into a CSS2 style sheet (syntax, properties, property values) and how user agents must interpret these style sheets in order to claim conformance.

Appendixes:

Appendixes contain information about a sample style sheet for HTML 4.0, changes from CSS1 , implementation and performance notes, the grammar of CSS2, a list of normative and informative references, and three indexes: one for properties, one for descriptors, and one general index.

  This document has been written with two types of readers in mind: authors and implementors. We hope the specification will provide authors with the tools they need to write efficient, attractive, and accessible documents, without over-exposing them to HTML's implementation details. Implementors, however, should find all they need to build conforming user agents.

The specification may be approached in several ways:

• Read from beginning to end. The specification begins with a general presentation of HTML and becomes more and more technical and specific towards the end.
• Quick access to information. In order to get information about syntax and semantics as quickly as possible, the online version of the specification includes the following features:
1. Every reference to an element or attribute is linked to its definition in the specification. Each element or attribute is defined in only one location.
2. Every page includes links to the indexes, so you never are more than two links away from finding the definition of an element or attribute.

3. The front pages of the three sections of the language reference manual extend the initial table of contents with more detail about each section.

  Element names are written in upper case letters (e.g., BODY). Attribute names are written in lower case letters (e.g., lang, onsubmit). Recall that in HTML, element and attribute names are case-insensitive; the convention is meant to encourage readability.

  Element and attribute names in this document have been marked up and may be rendered specially by some user agents.

  Each attribute definition specifies the type of its value. If the type allows a small set of possible values, the definition lists the set of values, separated by a bar (|).

After the type information, each attribute definition indicates the case-sensitivity of its values, between square brackets ("[]"). See the section on case information for details.

• CSS property, descriptor, and pseudo-class names are delimited by single quotes.
• CSS values are delimited by single quotes.
• Document language element names are in uppercase letters.
• Document language attribute names are in lowercase letters and delimited by double quotes.

  Each CSS property definition begins with a summary of key information that resembles the following:

  This part specifies the set of valid values for the property. Value types may be designated in several ways:

1. keyword values (e.g., auto, disc, etc.)
2. basic data types, which appear between "<" and ">" (e.g., <length>, <percentage>, etc.). In the electronic version of the document, each instance of a basic data type links to its definition.
3. types that have the same range of values as a property bearing the same name (e.g., <'border-width'> <'background-attachment'>, etc.). In this case, the type name is the property name (complete with quotes) between "<" and ">" (e.g., <'border-width'>). In the electronic version of the document, each instance of this type of non-terminal links to the corresponding property definition.
4. non-terminals that do not share the same name as a property. In this case, the non-terminal name appears between "<" and ">", as in <border-width>. Notice the distinction between <border-width> and <'border-width'>; the latter is defined in terms of the former. The definition of a non-terminal is located near its first appearance in the specification. In the electronic version of the document, each instance of this type of value links to the corresponding value definition.

  Other words in these definitions are keywords that must appear literally, without quotes (e.g., red). The slash (/) and the comma (,) must also appear literally.

Values may be arranged as follows:

• Several juxtaposed words mean that all of them must occur, in the given order.
• A bar (|) separates two or more alternatives: exactly one of them must occur.
• A double bar (||) separates two or more options: one or more of them must occur, in any order.
• Brackets ([ ]) are for grouping.

  Juxtaposition is stronger than the double bar, and the double bar is stronger than the bar. Thus, the following lines are equivalent:

    a b   |   c || d e
  [ a b ] | [ c || [ d e ]]

  Every type, keyword, or bracketed group may be followed by one of the following modifiers:

• An asterisk (*) indicates that the preceding type, word, or group occurs zero or more times.
• A plus (+) indicates that the preceding type, word, or group occurs one or more times.
• A question mark (?) indicates that the preceding type, word, or group is optional.
• A pair of numbers in curly braces ({A,B}) indicates that the preceding type, word, or group occurs at least A and at most B times.

The following examples illustrate different value types:

Value: N | NW | NE
Value: [ <length> | thick | thin ]{1,4}
Value: [<family-name> , ]* <family-name>
Value: <uri>? <color> [ / <color> ]?
Value: <uri> || <color>

This part specifies the property's initial value. If the property is inherited, this is the value that is given to the root element of the document tree. Please consult the section on the cascade for information about the interaction between style sheet-specified, inherited, and initial values.

This lists the elements to which the property applies. All elements are considered to have all properties, but some properties have no rendering effect on some types of elements. For example, 'white-space' only affects block-level elements.

This part indicates whether the value of the property is inherited from an ancestor element. Please consult the section on the cascade for information about the interaction between style sheet-specified, inherited, and initial values.

This part indicates how percentages should be interpreted, if they occur in the value of the property. If "N/A" appears here, it means that the property does not accept percentages as values.

This part indicates the media groups to which the property applies. The conformance conditions state that user agents must support this property if they support rendering to the media types included in these media groups.

  Some properties are shorthand properties, meaning they allow authors to specify the values of several properties with a single property.

  For instance, the 'font' property is a shorthand property for setting 'font-style', 'font-variant', 'font-weight', 'font-size', 'line-height', and 'font-family' all at once.

  When values are omitted from a shorthand form, each "missing" property is assigned its initial value (see the section on the cascade).

H1 { 
  font-weight: bold; 
  font-size: 12pt;
  line-height: 14pt; 
  font-family: Helvetica; 
  font-variant: normal;
  font-style: normal;
  font-stretch: normal;
  font-size-adjust: none
}

H1 { font: bold 12pt/14pt Helvetica }

  Informative notes are emphasized to stand out from surrounding text and may be rendered specially by some user agents.

  All examples illustrating deprecated usage are marked as "DEPRECATED EXAMPLE". Deprecated examples also include recommended alternate solutions. All examples that illustrates illegal usage are clearly marked "ILLEGAL EXAMPLE".

Examples and notes have been marked up and may be rendered specially by some user agents.

  All examples that illustrate illegal usage are clearly marked as "ILLEGAL EXAMPLE".

  All HTML examples conform to the HTML 4.0 strict DTD (defined in [HTML40]) unless otherwise indicated by a document type declaration.

  All notes are informative only.

Examples and notes are marked within the source HTML for the specification and CSS1 user agents will render them specially.

  Most images in the electronic version of this specification are accompanied by "long descriptions" of what they represent. A link to the long description is denoted by a "[D]" to the right of the image.

Images and long descriptions are informative only.

    Un sentito ringraziamento a tutti coloro che hanno aiutato gli autori nella realizzazione di quetsa documentazione e a tutti coloro che, mediante la compilazione del Questionario o della sua versione online o mediante suggerimenti e consigli.

  Many thanks to the for his early work on developing accessible forms.

  Questa documentazione è il prodotto di... Oltre agli editori di questa documentazione the members of the Working Group are: Brad Chase (Bitstream), Chris Wilson (Microsoft), Daniel Glazman (Electricité de France), Dave Raggett (W3C/HP), Ed Tecot (Microsoft), Jared Sorensen (Novell), Lauren Wood (SoftQuad), Laurie Anna Kaplan (Microsoft), Mike Wexler (Adobe), Murray Maloney (Grif), Powell Smith (IBM), Robert Stevahn (HP), Steve Byrne (JavaSoft), Steven Pemberton (CWI), Thom Phillabaum (Netscape), Douglas Rand (Silicon Graphics), Robert Pernett (Lotus), Dwayne Dicks (SoftQuad), and Sho Kuwamoto (Macromedia). We thank them for their continued efforts.

  Gli autori di questa documentazione, i members of the W3C HTML Working Group, deserve much applause for their diligent review of this document, their constructive comments, and their hard work: John D. Burger (MITRE), Steve Byrne (JavaSoft), Martin J. Dürst (University of Zurich), Daniel Glazman (Electricité de France), Scott Isaacs (Microsoft), Murray Maloney (GRIF), Steven Pemberton (CWI), Robert Pernett (Lotus), Jared Sorensen (Novell), Powell Smith (IBM), Robert Stevahn (HP), Ed Tecot (Microsoft), Jeffrey Veen (HotWired), Mike Wexler (Adobe), Misha Wolf (Reuters), and Lauren Wood (SoftQuad).

  Thank you Dido Dado for rigorous and bountiful input as part-time editor and thoughtful guidance as chairman of the HTML Working Group. Thank you Saca Suki for your indispensable work on press releases.

  Thanks to Davide Mamon and Rog Pie for their carefulreading of the specification and constructive comments.

  Thanks to Jan Kamman, author of html2ps for helping so much in creating the Postscript version of the specification.

  Of particular help from the W3C at Sophia-Antipolis were Janet Bertot, Bert Bos, Stephane Boyera, Daniel Dardailler, Yves Lafon, Håkon Lie, Chris Lilley, and Colas Nahaboo (Bull).

Lastly, thanks to Tim Berners-Lee without whom none of this would have been possible.

  A number of invited experts to the Working Group have contributed: George Kersher, Glenn Rippel (Bitstream), Jeff Veen (HotWired), Markku T. Hakkinen (The Productivity Works), Martin Dürst (W3C, formerly Universität Zürich), Roy Platon (RAL), Todd Fahrner (Verso), Tim Boland (NIST), Eric Meyer (Case Western Reserve University), and Vincent Quint (W3C).

  The section on Web Fonts was strongly shaped by Brad Chase (Bitstream) David Meltzer (Microsoft Typography) and Steve Zilles (Adobe). The following people have also contributed in various ways to the section pertaining to fonts: Alex Beamon (Apple), Ashok Saxena (Adobe), Ben Bauermeister (HP), Dave Raggett (W3C/HP), David Opstad (Apple), David Goldsmith (Apple), Ed Tecot (Microsoft), Erik van Blokland (LettError), François Yergeau (Alis), Gavin Nicol (Inso), Herbert van Zijl (Elsevier), Liam Quin, Misha Wolf (Reuters), Paul Haeberli (SGI), and the late Phil Karlton (Netscape).

  The section on Paged Media was in large parts authored by Robert Stevahn (HP) and Stephen Waters (Microsoft).

  Robert Stevahn (HP), Scott Furman (Netscape), and Scott Isaacs (Microsoft) were key contributors to CSS Positioning.

  Mike Wexler (Adobe) was the editor of the interim working draft, which described many of the new features of CSS2.

  T.V. Raman (Adobe) made pivotal contributions towards Aural Cascading Style Sheets (ACSS) and the concepts of aural presentation based on his work on AsTeR (Audio System For Technical Readings). He contributed an initial draft of the ACSS specification that shaped the current specification. Values for aural properties in the HTML 4.0 sample style sheet are of his devising; he currently uses them on a daily basis on his audio desktop in conjunction with Emacspeak and the Emacs W3 browser (authored by William Perry, who also implemented the aural extensions on the W3 side of the fence).

Todd Fahrner (Verso) researched contemporary and historical browsers to develop the sample style sheet in the appendix.

  Grazie a Jan K, author of html2ps for helping so much in creating the PostScript version of the specification.

  Through electronic and physical encounters, the following people have contributed to the development of CSS2: Alan Borning, Robert Cailliau, Liz Castro, James Clark, Dan Connolly, Donna Converse, Daniel Dardailler, Al Gilman, Daniel Greene, Scott Isaacs, Geir Ivarsøy, Vincent Mallet, Kim Marriott, Brian Michalowski, Lou Montulli, Henrik Frystyk Nielsen, Jacob Nielsen, Eva von Pepel, William Perry, David Siegel, Peter Stuckey, and Jason White.

  The discussions on pjoef@tiscalinet.it have been influential in many key issues for CSS. Especially, we would like to thank Bjorn Borg, Jean Tods, Larsen, Brian Wilson and Chris Wilson for their participation.

  Many thanks to PF for helping to improve the accessibility of.

  Many thanks to Pili Leacute, ensure correct examples and a sensible grammar.

  Special thanks to Arnaud Le Hors, whose engineering contributions made this document work.

  Manuel Costello improved this specification by performing a detailed review.

  In ultimo, il più sincero ringraziamento al professor Paolo Martino senza il quale niente di tutto questo sarebbe mai potuto avvenire.

  I documenti sul sito web.tiscalinet.it/pf/it/ sono provvisti di copyright secondo la seguente licenza. Per ottenere, usare e/o copiare questa documentazione, tutta o parte/i, il licenziatario deve aver letto e compreso i termini della licenza aderendo alle seguenti condizioni:

•   Il permesso di utilizzare, copiare e distribuire i contenuti di questa collana di documenti su qualsiasi media e per qualsiasi scopo.

•   Il pagamento di nessuna royalty è garantito.

•   L'utilizzo di questa documentazione, o parte/i di essa, richiede che vengano incluse, in TUTTE le copie del documento che ne fà uso delle seguenti condizioni di licenza:

1.   Un collegamento o la URL (Uniform Resource Location) della documentazione originale.

2.   Le informazioni originali sul copyright dell'autore, se, questa, non esiste, utilizzare la seguente forma:
   "Copyright © Annamaria Fiandanese. Tutti i Diritti Riservati. http://web.tiscalinet.it/pf/it/about.html#copyright" (il formato ipertestuale è il preferito, ma la rappresentazione testuale è, comunque, permessa.)

3.   Lo Stato della documentazione se esistente.

  La inclusione completa di tutta questa informazione, quando lo spazio lo permette, deve essere inclusa. In addition, credit shall be attributed to the copyright holders for any software, documents, or other items or products that you create pursuant to the implementation of the contents of this document, or any portion thereof.

  Non è permessa la possibilità di creare e/o modificare questa documentazione senza previa richiesta agli autori.

  QUESTA DOCUMENTAZIONE È PUBBLICATA "COSÌ COME È" E LE INFORMAZIONI SUL COPYRIGHT NON RAPPRESENTANO UNA GARANZIA, ESPRESSA O IMPLICITA, INCLUSA, MA NON LIMITATA ALLA GARANZIA SULLA SUA COMMERCIALIZZAZIONE, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, OR TITLE; THAT THE CONTENTS OF THE DOCUMENT ARE SUITABLE FOR ANY PURPOSE; NOR THAT THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SUCH CONTENTS WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY PATENTS, COPYRIGHTS, TRADEMARKS OR OTHER RIGHTS.

  COPYRIGHT HOLDERS WILL NOT BE LIABLE PER NESSUNA DIRETTA, INDIRETTA, SPECIALE O CONSEQUENZA DANNO ARISING OUT DI TUTTI GLI USI DI QUESTA DOCUMENTAZIONE O THE PERFORMANCE OR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONTENTS THEREOF.

  Il nome e il trademarks del copyright holders NON possono essere utilizzati in advertising or publicity pertinenti con questa documentazione o nei suoi contenuti senza previa specifica richiesta di permesso. Title to copyright in this document will at all times remain with copyright holders.

  This document is copyrighted (c)1998 Vladimir Vuksan and distributed under the following terms:

• Linux HOWTO documents may be reproduced and distributed in whole or in part, in any medium physical or electronic, as long as this copyright notice is retained on all copies. Commercial redistribution is allowed and encouraged; however, the author would like to be notified of any such distributions.
• All translations, derivative works, or aggregate works incorporating any Linux HOWTO documents must be covered under this copyright notice. That is, you may not produce a derivative work from a HOWTO and impose additional restrictions on its distribution. Exceptions to these rules may be granted under certain conditions; please contact the Linux HOWTO coordinator at the address given below.
• If you have questions, please contact, the Linux HOWTO coordinator, at linux-howto@sunsite.unc.edu

  Copyright © 2000 pf
gv is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

  gv is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

Copyright (c) 1996, 1997 The Regents of the University of Michigan All Rights Reserved
Royalty-free licenses to redistribute GateD Release 3 in whole or in part may be obtained by writing to:
Merit GateDaemon Project 4251 Plymouth Road, Suite C Ann Arbor, MI 48105
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AND MERIT DO NOT WARRANT THAT THE FUNCTIONS CONTAINED IN THE SOFTWARE WILL MEET LICENSEE'S REQUIREMENTS OR THAT OPERATION WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED OR ERROR FREE. The Regents of the University of Michigan and Merit shall not be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages with respect to any claim by Licensee or any third party arising from use of the software. GateDaemon was originated and developed through release 3.0 by Cornell University and its collaborators.
Please forward bug fixes, enhancements and questions to the gated mailing list: gated-people@gated.merit.edu.

Copyright (c) 1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995 by Cornell University. All rights reserved.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
GateD is based on Kirton's EGP, UC Berkeley's routing daemon (routed), and DCN's HELLO routing Protocol. Development of GateD has been supported in part by the National Science Foundation.

Portions of this software may fall under the following copyrights:
Copyright (c) 1988 Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation, advertising materials, and other materials related to such distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed by the University of California, Berkeley. The name of the University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

© 2000-2001 Annamaria Fiandanese @,   pf @, tutti i diritti riservati.